Quick Recap — Complex Numbers (Polar, De Moivre, ω\omega)

  • Polar form: z=r(cosθ+isinθ)z=r(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta), r=zr=|z|, θ=argz\theta=\arg z.
  • De Moivre: (cosθ+isinθ)n=cosnθ+isinnθ(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta)^n=\cos n\theta+i\sin n\theta.
  • Cube roots of unity 1,ω,ω21,\omega,\omega^2: ω3=1\omega^3=1, 1+ω+ω2=01+\omega+\omega^2=0, ωˉ=ω2\bar\omega=\omega^2.
  • z1z2=z1z2|z_1z_2|=|z_1||z_2|; the nn nn-th roots of unity sum to 00.