Quick Recap — Complex Numbers (Polar, De Moivre, ω\omega)

  • Polar form: z=r(cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)z=r(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta), r=∣z∣r=|z|, θ=arg⁡z\theta=\arg z.
  • De Moivre: (cos⁡θ+isin⁡θ)n=cos⁡nθ+isin⁡nθ(\cos\theta+i\sin\theta)^n=\cos n\theta+i\sin n\theta.
  • Cube roots of unity 1,ω,ω21,\omega,\omega^2: ω3=1\omega^3=1, 1+ω+ω2=01+\omega+\omega^2=0, ωˉ=ω2\bar\omega=\omega^2.
  • ∣z1z2∣=∣z1∣∣z2∣|z_1z_2|=|z_1||z_2|; the nn nn-th roots of unity sum to 00.