Medium Practice — Set 2

Quick Recap — Buffers, Hydrolysis & Solubility Product

• Henderson: acidic buffer $pH=pK_a+\log\dfrac{[salt]}{[acid]}$; basic buffer $pOH=pK_b+\log\dfrac{[salt]}{[base]}$.
• $K_a\,K_b=K_w$ for a conjugate pair; hydrolysis constant $K_h=\dfrac{K_w}{K_a}$ (weak-acid salt).
• $K_{sp}$ shapes: $A_2B$/$AB_2\to4s^3$; $A_3B_2\to108\,s^5$; $AB_3\to27s^4$.
• Precipitation occurs when the ionic product $>K_{sp}$. Common ions lower solubility.