Quick Recap — Anomalies & More Reasoning

  • Anomalous fluorine: low F-F bond enthalpy (small size, lone-pair repulsion); only 1-1 state; strongest oxidiser.
  • Nitrogen cannot expand its octet (no d-orbitals), so it forms no NCl5NCl_5; Lewis acidity of boron halides: BF3<BCl3<BBr3BF_3<BCl_3<BBr_3 (back-bonding decreases).
  • Hydride stability/reducing power down group 16: H2O>H2S>H2Se>H2TeH_2O>H_2S>H_2Se>H_2Te (stability), reverse for reducing power.
  • Oxyacid acidity rises with the central atom's oxidation state.