Quick Recap — Direction Ratios & Planes

  • If direction ratios are (a,b,c)(a,b,c), direction cosines are (aa2+b2+c2,)\Big(\tfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}},\dots\Big).
  • General plane: ax+by+cz+d=0ax+by+cz+d=0, with normal (a,b,c)(a,b,c); through the origin iff d=0d=0.
  • Distance of a point (x1,y1,z1)(x_1,y_1,z_1) from the plane: ax1+by1+cz1+da2+b2+c2\dfrac{|ax_1+by_1+cz_1+d|}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}}.
  • Intercept form: xa+yb+zc=1\tfrac xa+\tfrac yb+\tfrac zc=1; normal form: lx+my+nz=plx+my+nz=p.