Hard Practice — Advanced Set

Hard Practice — Basicity, Synthesis & Distinguishing

Chain the ideas: rank basicity (aqueous vs gas phase; ring substituents), build diazonium-based routes ($ArN_2^+$ is a synthetic hub), and use protection and distinguishing tests to reach or identify a compound.

• Basicity (aqueous): $2^\circ>1^\circ>3^\circ>NH_3>$ aniline; EDG raise, EWG lower.
• Diazonium: $\to$ ArCl/ArBr/ArCN (Sandmeyer), ArOH ($H_2O$), ArF (Balz-Schiemann), azo dye (coupling).