Easy Practice — Set 2

Quick Recap — Key Reactions

• Oxidation: 1$^\circ$ alcohol $\to$ aldehyde $\to$ acid; 2$^\circ$ $\to$ ketone; 3$^\circ$ resists.
• Dehydration $\to$ alkene; esterification (acid + alcohol $\to$ ester); Williamson makes ethers.
• Tests: Tollens' (silver mirror) and Fehling's (red $Cu_2O$) detect aldehydes; iodoform detects methyl ketones and ethanol/ethanal; Lucas distinguishes 1$^\circ$/2$^\circ$/3$^\circ$; neutral $FeCl_3$ gives a violet colour with phenols.
• Aldol needs $\alpha$-H; Cannizzaro occurs with aldehydes lacking $\alpha$-H. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition.