Medium Practice — Set 2

Quick Recap — Tests, Reactivity & Acidity

• Distinguish aldehyde/ketone (Tollens'/Fehling's), 1$^\circ$/2$^\circ$/3$^\circ$ alcohols (Lucas), phenol/alcohol (neutral $FeCl_3$ violet).
• Nucleophilic-addition reactivity: $HCHO>CH_3CHO>CH_3COCH_3>C_6H_5COCH_3$ (steric + electronic).
• Acidity of substituted acids/phenols rises with $-I/-M$ groups (nitro), falls with $+I/+M$ (alkyl, methoxy).
• Ethers cleave with HI; alcohols $\to$ halides with $PCl_5$/$SOCl_2$; carbonyl reductions and $\alpha$-substitutions as above.