Quick Recap — Choosing Tests & Indicators

  • Functional groups: confirm with the specific test (NaHCO3NaHCO_3, Tollens'/Fehling's, iodoform, FeCl3FeCl_3, carbylamine, bromine water).
  • Indicators: strong-strong (any); weak acid + strong base (phenolphthalein); strong acid + weak base (methyl orange).
  • Cation confirmatory: flame colours, ammonia complex (CuCu blue), K4[Fe(CN)6]K_4[Fe(CN)_6] (Fe blue).
  • Redox: KMnO4KMnO_4 self-indicating; iodometry uses starch.