Easy Practice — Set 2

Quick Recap — Raoult's Law & Colligative Properties

• Raoult's law: $p=p^\circ x_{solvent}$; relative lowering $\dfrac{p^\circ-p}{p^\circ}=x_{solute}$.
• Colligative properties depend only on the number of solute particles: elevation $\Delta T_b=K_b m$; depression $\Delta T_f=K_f m$; osmotic pressure $\pi=CRT$.
• Van't Hoff factor $i$: multiply each colligative expression by $i$ ($i=1$ non-electrolyte, $2$ for NaCl, $3$ for $CaCl_2$, full dissociation).
• Non-volatile solute $\Rightarrow$ lower vapour pressure, higher boiling point, lower freezing point.