Coordinate Geometry

This chapter connects algebra and geometry through the Cartesian plane. It covers plotting points and quadrants, the distance formula for the distance between two points, the section formula for a point dividing a segment in a given ratio (and the midpoint formula), and the area of a triangle from its vertices together with the collinearity test (area-of-triangle is retained by many State Boards though removed from the rationalised NCERT). Applications include the centroid, identifying types of quadrilaterals, and coordinate-geometry word problems. It is a high-scoring, formula-driven chapter important for both CBSE and State Board examinations.