Oscillations and Waves — Easy Practice (Set 2)

Quick Recap — Wave Motion

• Types: transverse (particles vibrate perpendicular to propagation) and longitudinal (parallel, e.g. sound).
• Wave relations: $v = f\lambda = \dfrac{\omega}{k}$, with $k = \dfrac{2\pi}{\lambda}$ and $\omega = 2\pi f$.
• Speeds: on a string $v = \sqrt{T/\mu}$; sound in a gas $v = \sqrt{\gamma P/\rho}$, and $v\propto\sqrt{T}$.
• Superposition & standing waves: nodes (zero amplitude) and antinodes (maximum); adjacent nodes are $\lambda/2$ apart.
• Beats: beat frequency $= |f_1 - f_2|$; resonance occurs when the driving frequency equals the natural frequency.