Probability

This chapter measures chance. It develops the theoretical (classical) probability of an event $E$ as $P(E)=\dfrac{\text{number of outcomes favourable to }E}{\text{total number of equally likely outcomes}}$, and explores its consequences: probability always lies between 0 and 1, a sure event has probability 1 and an impossible event probability 0, the probabilities of all elementary events add up to 1, and an event and its complement satisfy $P(\overline{E})=1-P(E)$. It applies these ideas to the standard board settings — tossing coins, throwing dice, drawing cards from a well-shuffled deck of 52, and picking marbles or spinning spinners. It is a concept-light, marks-rich chapter of the Class 10 Board syllabus.